What does a dog's mouth position convey if it is open and panting?

An open and panting mouth in a dog primarily indicates that the dog is cooling down and is likely relaxed or comfortable in its environment. Panting is a natural behavior for dogs, especially in warm weather or after physical exertion, as it helps regulate their body temperature. When a dog is relaxed, it may open its mouth and pant gently, without showing signs of distress or anxiety. This behavior is typically seen in dogs that are well-exercised or enjoying playtime, making it a sign that they are in a positive state.

On the other hand, a frightened dog often exhibits different signs such as a closed mouth, tucked ears, or avoidance behaviors. An aggressive dog might have a tense posture, bared teeth, and a closed or tightly held mouth, reflecting heightened state of alertness. A submissive dog tends to display behaviors such as lowering the head or body, and may even have a closed mouth, which contrasts with the open panting associated with a relaxed state.